Colored pepper is one of the staple crops for the consumer market especially for European and some Arab Gulf countries. Cultivation of the colorful varieties is significantly increasing because in addition to local consumption of colored pepper, its exportation can provide a significant source of foreign currency. Pepper fruits begin maturity stage 2.5–3.5 months after transplanting, and harvest occurs 2–4 months thereafter, depending on the pepper variety and temperature.įactually, the most common peppers are green varieties but colorful ones began to spread during the last decade in Egypt. Additionally, colored pepper varieties are cultivated under plastic and net houses in April and May (summer season) and in July, August, and September (fall/winter season). Pepper can grow in Egypt at different seasons: about 45–60 days old seedlings may be transplanted in March (early summer season), April and May (summer season), and July and August (fall or Nili season). The most recommended sweet varieties in Egypt are the local hybrids: Yusr 4 (orange), Yusr 3 (yellow), Hybrid Yusr 2, (dark green), hybrid Yusr l (sulfur), and Khayrat (green) while the local hot varieties are Kotof 1 (dark green) and Kotof 2 (dark green). Hybrids and varieties within each of these two main groups may differ in size, shape, flavor, and color with usually unchanged fruit colors when fully mature. In Egypt, there are many hybrids and varieties of both pungent hot-tasting and sweet-tasting pepper. The hottest peppers in the world are members of this species. chinense Jacq which is one of the most important sources of resistance to plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs) (Zayed et al. However, more pungency species belongs to the genus C. The amount of capsaicin in hot peppers varies significantly among the varieties. annuum contains different varieties and groups with different tasting such as glabriusculum, bola, Bell, Cayenne, Jalapeno, and New Mexico Chile. The substances giving chili peppers their intensity when ingested or applied topically are capsaicin and related compounds known as capsaicinoids. annuum is widely used in many cuisines as a spice to add heat to the food. All varieties of sweet and most of hot peppers belong to Capsicum annuum L. Pepper is a member of the Solanaceae family, which also includes important vegetables such as tomatoes, potatoes, and eggplants. Examples of commercially produced biocontrol agents that have become well established in several Egyptian markets and may be used against PPNs on pepper plants are shown. Further aspects of BCA biology and ecology should better be understood to let them fit into existing or emerging integrated pest management strategies for growing pepper. Therefore, BCAs especially those reviewed herein due to their usefulness in reducing PPN populations and increasing pepper yield should be incorporated into pepper management systems. Biological control agents (BCAs) rank high among other PPN management options on pepper plants given their outstanding role in sustainable agriculture. The use of sound cultural practices and other phytosanitary measures against PPNs of pepper should be sought. This review summarizes ecology, biology, and economic value of such nematodes from the standpoint of pest management. Yet, it is usually attacked and damaged by numerous plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs) especially root-knot nematodes in Egypt. Pepper is an important vegetable crop in Egypt and worldwide.